Subdivision
| • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | [X] |
| | 1 | Name: | Sir Walter Bodmer | | | Institution: | Hertford College, Oxford; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | | |
Sir Walter Bodmer was principal of Hertford College at Oxford University from 1996-2005. Formerly director general and director of research of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, he has served as president of the Human Genome Organization (HUGO); president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; chairman of the BBC Science consultative group; and chairman of the trustees of the Natural History Museum. The co-author of a classic book on human population genetics, he has contributed heavily to both the science and the theory of human genetics. Sir Walter has been a pioneer in elucidating the laws of tissue matches in humans, as well as in the mapping of genes on chromosomes by fusion of human and rodent cells in culture. He led the group that demonstrated that the gene for hereditary colonic polypsis is on chromosome 5. An eminently effective explicator of genetics and a public advocate for science, he has held academic appointments and honorary fellowships at Keble College, Oxford; Clare College, Cambridge; the Royal Colleges of Physicians and of Surgeons; and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1974, was knighted in 1986 and is a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences and a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was chancellor of the University of Salford from 1995 to 2005. | |
| 2 | Name: | Sir Christopher C. Booth | | | Institution: | University College, London | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | July 13, 2012 | | | | | | |
Sir Christopher Booth was a distinguished physician who occupied many high-profile positions, including President of the British Medical Association, Director of the Medical Research Council's Clinical Research Centre and President of the Royal Society of Medicine. His early interests in medical history resulted in a paper on Dr. John Fothergill and angina pectoris that was published in the very first volume of Medical History in 1957 while he was a research registrar at the Hammersmith Hospital, London. Soon after, he commenced important research on vitamin B12 absorption and utilization. In 1971 he published, with Betsy Corner, selected correspondence of John Fothergill, an achievement for any historian, let alone one who was also a professor of medicine. As a historian, Sir Christopher pioneered unique fields, and his enthusiastic investigation of doctors from the Yorkshire Dales revealed a network of remarkable characters, many of them Quakers, whose influence spread from Yorkshire to have great effect in national and international medical worlds. Sir Christopher was an Honorary Professor and member of the Wellcome Trust Group for the study of 20th century medicine at University College, London from 1989 until his death on July 13, 2012. He was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 1981. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Torbjörn Caspersson | | | Institution: | Karolinska Sjukhuset | | | Year Elected: | 1974 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1910 | | | Death Date: | December 7, 1997 | | | | |
| 4 | Name: | Sir Christopher H. Andrewes | | | Year Elected: | 1955 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1896 | | | Death Date: | 12/31/88 | | | | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Jean-Michel Dubernard | | | Institution: | Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; E. Herriot Hospital; French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé) | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | Death Date: | July 10, 2021 | | | | | | |
Jean-Michel Dubernard is a surgeon in the Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery at E. Herriot Hospital in Lyon. He is also a former Deputy Mayor of Lyon and a former member of the French National Assembly.
Dr. Dubernard attended medical school in Lyon. He then served as a Research Fellow with Joseph Murray at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (1965-1967) in Boston. Dr. Dubernard received his Docteur en Medecine from Lyon University in 1967. He subsequently received his Docteur en Biologie Humaine in Transplantation Immunology in 1971. As a surgeon, Dr. Dubernard is an important pioneer. His research interests continue to lie in experimental surgery, clinical transplantation (especially renal transplantation in children), medical technology, general urology, renal and pancreatic lithotripsy, endoscopy of the upper urinary tract investigations of male impotence, vascular surgery and microsurgery. In 1998 he led the international team that performed the world’s first modern hand-forearm transplant and in 2005 Dr. Dubernard's team performed the world’s first partial face transplant.
Dr. Dubernard is the President of the International Hand and Composite Tissue Allografts, as well as the Founder and President of the European College of Transplantation. Since 1980 he has been a member of the European Society for Organ Transplantation’s Founding Council. Dr. Dubernard was President of the International Microsurgical Society (1984-1986), President of the Société Française de Transplantation (1991-1994), and President of the International Pancreatic and Islet Transplant Association (1996-1997). His work has more than 400 scientific references in the form of articles, chapters of books, books, and films. In 2008 Dr. Dubernard received the Medawar Prize, the highest award of the International Transplantation Society. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Carl G. Groth | | | Institution: | Karolinska Institute | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | February 16, 2014 | | | | | | |
Carl G. Groth, MD, Phd, Professor Emeritus of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, graduated from the Karolinska Institute, where he obtained his MD and PhD. Between 1966 and 1972 Groth was assigned to the Department of Surgery at the University of Colorado Medical School, first as an NIH international Post doctoral Fellow and later, as an Associate Professor of Surgery. At this department the first successful human liver transplantation in the world was carried out in 1967 by Dr. Thomas Strazl. Groth was a key member of Strazl's surgical team.
Groth served as the Chairman of the Department of Transplantation Surgery at Huddinge Hospital in Stockholm from 1976 to 1995. He was appointed Professor of Transplantation Surgery at the Karolinska Institute in 1984, from which position he retired in 2000. His life time work focused on clinical kidney, liver and pancreas transplantations. He performed pioneer work in pancreatic transplantation as a means to treat patients with type 1 diabetes, particularly with regard to surgical techniques and the effects of the transplantation in the secondary complications of the disease. He has also led a number of highly important studies in transplant patients, examining the new immunosuppressive agents that became available in the 1990's. He performed some unique studies in xenotranspantation, including a pilot trial which fetal pig islets were transplanted to diabetic patients.
Groth served as a principal investigator on numerous research projects including two major consortium grants (from Novartis Pharma and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation) on pig islet transplantation as a means to treat diabetes.
He edited the fist monograph on pancreatic transplantation in 1988. His work includes approximately 700 scientific articles and some 25 book chapters.
Groth served as President of the Transplantation Society in 2001-2002. He was the founding President of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association and the International Xenotransplantation Association. He was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the American Surgical Association, the American Society of Transplant Surgeons and the Swedish Society for Gastroenterology. In 1998 he was awarded the King's Medal for outstanding achievement in transplantation. He has also received the Medawar Prize, the foremost International Award in transplantation (2006) and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons Pioneer Award (2008). In 2005 he became a member of the World Health Organization's expert advisory panel on cell, tissue and organ transplantation. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society om 2004.
Carl G. Groth died February 16, 2014, at the age of 80, in Stockholm, Sweden. | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. Harald zur Hausen | | | Institution: | German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum) | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | May 28, 2023 | | | | | | |
Harald zur Hausen is a world renowned virologist who has made pioneering discoveries on viruses that cause human tumors. He made major contributions to our knowledge of the Epstein-Barr virus, the agent involved in Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. His most important discovery, for which he was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine, is the causative role of papillomaviruses in human anogenital cancer. His work has far-reaching implications for human health and well-being and provides the basis for antiviral vaccines that could prevent some of the most common human malignancies. As Director of the German Cancer Research Center since 1983, Dr. zur Hausen has had a major influence on the organization, development and support of science. He has turned this institution into a leading center for biological and clinical research. A graduate of the University of Dusseldorf (M.D., 1960), Dr. zur Hausen is a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (1976); the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (1986); the German Academy of Natural Sciences (1986); the Academia Europaea (1990); the Polish Academy of Sciences (foreign member) (1991); and the Venezuelan National Academy of Medicine (1993). | |
| 8 | Name: | Sir Harold Himsworth | | | Institution: | Medical Research Council | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1905 | | | Death Date: | 11/1/93 | | | | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. Niels Kaj Jerne | | | Institution: | Basel Institute for Immunology | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | 10/7/94 | | | | |
| 10 | Name: | Dr. Ho-Wang Lee | | | Institution: | National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | July 5, 2022 | | | | | | |
As a medical virologist, Ho-Wang Lee studied Japanese encephalitis (JE) and Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF), now called Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The first of these was the success of tissue culture of JE virus, immune mechanism of JE and overwintering mechanisms of JE virus in Korea from 1955-68. The second of these was the isolation of etiologic agents, epidemiology and prevention of HFRS from 1969-o 2004. He isolated etiologic agents of HFRS from Apodemus mice and urban rats and named the virus Hantaan and Seoul in 1976 and 1980, respectively. He elucidated epizootiology and epidemiology of HFRS in 1979-85. Hantaan virus is the origin of genus Hantavirus and he proved world-wide distribution of hantaviruses from 1977-2000. In 1990, he and his colleagues developed a simple rapid diagnostic kit and an inactivated vaccine against HFRS. This vaccine was distributed in Asia and thereafter the number of HFRS patients decreased significantly. | |
| 11 | Name: | Sir Peter Morris | | | Institution: | The Royal College of Surgeons of England; University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 2002 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | Death Date: | October 29, 2022 | | | | | | |
Sir Peter Morris supplemented his medical education in Melbourne, Australia, with training at Guy's Hospital in London and the Massachusetts General Hospital. He returned to the University of Melbourne and obtained a Ph.D. in immunology in 1972. From 1974-2001, he was the Nuffield Professor of Surgery, chairman of the Department of Surgery, and director of the Oxford Transplant Centre at the University of Oxford. In 2001 he became President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and chairman of the Council of the Institute of Health Sciences at the University of Oxford. He is also currently chairman of the British Heart Foundation and Director of the Centre for Evidence in Transplantation at the Royal College of Surgeons. His more than 700 papers deal with the entire field of clinical and experimental transplantation and immunology. He has contributed especially to the study of mechanisms of rejection, tolerance induction and pancreatic islet transplantation. He is one of the distinguished surgeon scientists of our time. In addition to his work in transplantation, in the earlier part of his career he made many contributions to knowledge of the association between HLA and disease, as well as playing a major part in the early anthropological studies of HLA around the Pacific rim. He is the editor of Kidney Transplantation: Principles and Practice, which is now in its 5th edition, and the widely acclaimed Oxford Textbook of Surgery, which is in its 2nd edition. Sir Peter Morris has received many honors, including the Medawar Medal, the Lister Medal and the Hunterian Medal. In 1996 he received knighthood from the Queen for services to medicine, and in 2004 he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia. He is a fellow of the Royal Society and a foreign member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. He served as president of the International Transplantation Society, the British Transplantation Society, the European Surgical Association and the International Surgical Society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2002. | |
| 12 | Name: | Sir Keith Peters | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge & Christ's College | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Sir Keith Peters received his M.B. B.Ch. in Wales. He was a MRC clinical research fellow at the University of Birmingham and National Institute for Medical Research, London. He served as a lecturer in medicine at the Welsh National School of Medicine, honorary senior registrar in medicine at United Cardiff Hospitals, and professor of medicine and director of the department of medicine at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School. He is currently the Regius Professor of Physics and Head of the Clinical School at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Christ's College. He was honored as Knight Bachelor in 1993 and FRS in 1995. He is a member of the Academia Europaea, Association of Physicians, Association of American Physicians, British Society for Immunology, European Society of Clinical Investigation, Scandinavian Society for Immunology, and a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences. Sir Keith Peters is the preeminent physician-scientist in the UK. His principle scientific contributions relate to kidney disease and, in particular, the immunopathology and therapy for nephritis. He utilized the technique of plasmaphoresis and demonstrated its usefulness in the arrest of certain immunologically related diseases. His scientific contributions to medicine earned him election to the Royal Society, an unusual honor for one who is predominately a clinical scientist. This honor represents only one aspect of Sir Keith's contribution to medicine and science. He has trained many of the current leaders in UK academic medicine and has transformed the Cambridge Medical Schools, not only by the erection of new buildings but by elegant and successful recruitment to Cambridge of scientifically committed physicians. The intellectual merger of medicine in Cambridge with the existing strengths in the biological sciences has now positioned Cambridge as the leading academic medical center in Europe. That he serves on the Gairdner Foundation Award Committee and the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation reflects the high opinion that Sir Keith enjoys in this country as well. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. | |
| 13 | Name: | Sir David J. Weatherall | | | Institution: | University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | December 8, 2018 | | | | | | |
David Weatherall was a life-long student of the thalassemias. He was involved in identifying the general molecular nature of this group of hereditary anemias and in describing the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of both alpha- and beta-thalassemias. He also studied their influence on populations in many parts of the world and the role of malaria in determining their frequency. Both clinician and scientist, editor of the Oxford Textbook of Medicine and author of The New Genetics in Clinical Practice, Dr. Weatherall has played a significant role in bringing molecular genetics into the main stream of clinical medicine. He has been associated with the University of Oxford for more than thirty years as Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine (1974-92), Regius Professor of Medicine (1992-2000) and, after 2001, Regius Professor of Medicine Emeritus and Honorary Director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford. In 2002 he was appointed Chancellor of Keele University. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988); the Royal Society (vice president, 1990-91); the National Academy of Sciences (1990); and the Institute of Medicine (1990). David Weatherall was elected a member of the American Philosophical society in 2005. He died on December 8, 2018 at the age of 85. | |
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